The report is structured as follows. The next section introduces the theoretical notion of a 'virtual economy' and explains how it is distinct from other Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-related economic activities. The following sections describe in detail the main areas of the...

Developing an extended model of the basic Harris-Todaro model of rural-urban migration, we analyze the effects of infrastructure availability together with the time-tested income effects whilst accommodating government behaviour through the provision and financing of infrastructure. Both the...

This study investigates various socio-economic causes of medical malpractices among Pakhtuns of District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A comprehensive survey was conducted in Saidu Group of teaching hospitals Mingora and data was collected through structured questionnaire from 115 educated...

To complement the early warning signals literature, we study the determinants of banking and currency crises for small states and currency boards. Building on the crisis dataset by Laeven and Valencia (2020), we estimate a binominal logit model to identify the determinants of crises, and as a...

The inter-annual variation and linear trends of the surface air temperature in the regions in and around the Bay of Bengal have been studied using the time series data of monthly and annual mean temperature for 20–40 years period within 1951–1990. The study area extends from Pusma Camp of...

The sea surface temperature (SST) variations play a veryimportant role in the genesis and maintenance of meteorological and oceanographic processessuch as monsoon depressions and subsequent floods, large-scale sea level fluctuationsand genesis of tropical cyclones. Many low lying coastal regions...

This study investigates various socio-economic causes of medical malpractices among Pakhtuns of District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A comprehensive survey was conducted in Saidu Group of teaching hospitals Mingora and data was collected through structured questionnaire from 115 educated...