The retreat from economic liberalism between the wars and growing government intervention in domestic and international economic policy widened the scope for business organisations to shape national policy. Although in the early 1920s business had been divided over tariffs, protectionaist...

This paper examines the policies of Australia and Canada towards international reconstruction after World War Two and their economic relations with the UK and the USA.

During the 19th century, European countries not only industrialised heavily but they also traded with each other and with overseas areas in an until hitherto unkown degree. By 1913, a globalised economy has emerged, which -after the draw-back of the two world wars and the disentagration of the...

The paper shows that global pollution need not rise under free trade in goods and/or emissions even in the complete absence of income effects. Differences in environmental concerns across the countries lead to differences in the pollution-intensity of production and thus generate the possibility...

Recent events in some European countries might suggest that increased capital inflows inevitably appreciate the real exchange rate and increase financial fragility. Hence, opening domestic financial markets to international investors seems a perilous undertaking. If autarky is rejected, however,...