type="main" xml:id="insr12037-abs-0001" <title type="main">Summary</title>The combination of evidence from independent studies has a curious history. The origins reach back at least to the beginning of the 20th century. Since the mid-1970s, meta-analysis has become popular in several fields, among them medical statistics...

Fuzzy multiple comparisons procedures are introduced as a solution to the problem of multiple comparisons for discrete test statistics. The critical function of the randomized p-values is proposed as a measure of evidence against the null hypotheses. The classical concept of randomized tests is...