The development of theory on agricultural income problems springs from empirical investigations showing that agricultural income is unstable over time, and that compared to other trades, it is diminishing. The theorists explain this with the fact that agricultural production factors are...

Using the Bichel Committee's report as a source, this brief is a summary of farmers' loss of operating profits in relation to the transfer to pesticide free cultivation. The summary involves the case-area of Havelse Kildeplads, an area of drinking water reclamation situated at Frederikssund in...

In Denmark, many small-scale forest owners are affiliated to local district offices of The Danish Forestry Extension Service. Increasing economic pressure has caused a search for more efficiency in the Service, including potential reorganisation. In this paper, the efficiency of the different...

Emissions trading can be organized in several ways. In particular, private emissions trading can be organized as permit trading, or as credit trading. The schemes have a different impact on output with credit trading leading to a higher output level than permit trading. This paper analyzes what...

Influenced by the legacy of command economies, the recent agricultural cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe is, compared to EU countries, marked by a different pattern. Based on simplified ownership incentive approach, this paper distinguishes between the fundamental features of communist,...

We analyse how the aggregation of production processes affects efficiency evaluations. A production unit can be inefficient even though all its production processes are efficient. We show how to test if observed "inefficiencies" may be caused by an aggregation and how to correct efficiency...

Super efficiency evaluations are introduced along the lines of the potential improvements approach in Bogetoft and Hougaard (1999). Both a reference selection and a related super efficiency index is defined. The new (potential slack) super efficiency index is compared to a Farrell-based super...

The development of a third world country requires a conscious balance between different planning and policy issues, such as population growth rate, gross national income, self reliance and long-term sustainable ecological development. This paper reports on a cross-disciplinary project to design...

This paper compares emissions trading based on an absolute cap, denoted permit trading, with a scheme based on relative standards, denoted credit trading, under both perfect and imperfect competition. I show that credit trading is an inefficient instrument and that the two schemes have a...

When it comes down to reality the political objective of securing reasonable income to farmers succeeds all other objectives in agricultural policy making. To be able to evaluate policy and design new policy it is of vital importance to know the overall income situation and how the agricultural...