the vast majority of countries. Third, in many countries with low levels of education for both men and women in 1960 … better. Fourth, gender gaps rarely persist in countries where boys attain high levels of education. Most countries with large … education than men in some regions of the world. Although gender gaps in educational attainment are diminishing in most …

, education and the role of elites. Finally, we conduct a "replication" exercise with some seminal papers in the literature …