The financial crisis has convincingly demonstrated the risks a large financial sector poses to society’s well-being. An informed debate on financial regulation after the crisis should, therefore, evaluate the sector’s contribution to economic activity. This requires an accurate measurement...

This paper reports the results of a survey of former members of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank, which sought their views on monetary policy communication practices, the related challenges and the road ahead. Pronounced differences across the respondent groups are rare,...

This paper compares the impact of the financial crisis on Irish households with 23 other European countries.