We summarize the literature dealing with the pricing of ATM withdrawals. We highlight the effects of the pricing scheme on the network size, on banks’ profits and on consumer surplus. We also examine two recent reforms that took place in Australia and in the United Kingdom in order to increase...

We compare the effects of the three most common ATM pricing regimes on consumers’ welfare and banks’ profits. We consider cases where the ATM usage is free, where customers pay a foreign fee to their bank and where they pay a foreign fee and a surcharge. Paradoxically, when banks set an...

We show that regulating the interchange fee at cost reduces banks’ incentives to deploy free ATMs over time. Simultaneously, more and more pay-to-use ATMs are deployed by independent ATM deployers. These results are consistent with the recent evolution of the British ATM market.

In Australia, on the 3rd of March 2009, the interchange fees on shared ATM transactions were removed and replaced by fees directly set and received by the ATM owners. We develop a model to study how the entry of independent ATM deployers (IADs) affects welfare under this direct charging scheme....

This paper explores empirically the link between stocks returns Value-at-Risk (VaR) and the state of financial markets across various holding horizons. The econometric analysis is based on a self-exciting threshold autoregression setup. Using quarterly French and US data from 1970Q4 to 2012Q4,...

This paper develops a theory of sequential investments in cybersecurity in which the software vendor can invest ex ante and ex post. The regulator can use safety standards and liability rules as means of increasing security. A standard is a minimum level of safety, and a liability rule states...

This paper studies a dynamic two-sided market in which consumers face switching costs between competing products. I first show that, in a symmetric equilibrium, switching costs lower the first-period price if network externalities are strong. By contrast, switching costs soften price competition...

The New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) literature allows to analyze competition, market power and welfare implications of public policies. This literature is based on the estimation of consumer substitution patterns, that is on the estimation of demand models. Standard discrete choice...

Derivatives activity, motivated by risk-sharing, can breed risk taking. Bad news about the risk of the asset underlying the derivative increases the expected liability of a protection seller and undermines her risk prevention incentives. This limits risk-sharing, and may create endogenous...