Emerging market countries had by early 2009 announced that they will have remained fiscally conservative during the 2008–09 crisis, at least compared with the developed countries, which announced much larger fiscal stimuli. The authors argue that the difference in the pre-announced fiscal...

Output gap estimates are subject to a wide range of uncertainty owing to data revisions and the difficulty in distinguishing between cycle and trend in real time. This is important given the central role in monetary policy of assessments of economic activity relative to capacity. We show that...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DATA AND METHODOLOGY -- III. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS -- IV. RESULTS ACROSS CANADIAN PROVINCES -- V. EXTENDING THE CANADIAN MODEL -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Data Appendix.

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GROWTH, SAVING, AND INVESTMENT IN AN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMY -- III. THE MEASUREMENT OF PRIVATE SAVING -- IV. CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE -- V. TIME-SERIES EVIDENCE FOR MEXICO -- VI. MEXICO'S SAVING: WHICH WAY DOES THE CAUSALITY GO? -- VII. CONCLUSIONS --...

This paper examines water challenges, a growing global concern with adverse economic and social consequences, and discusses economic policy instruments. Water subsidies provided through public utilities are estimated at about $456 billion or 0.6 percent of global GDP in 2012. The paper suggests...

This paper explores international bond spillovers using daily and weekly data on yields on inflation-indexed bonds and associated inflation expectations for the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Sweden, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The analysis starts in 2002, by which point U.S....