The present financial crisis has severely hit the Spanish savings banks sector. Of 45 savings banks in 2007 by the end of 2012 the number had dropped to only thirteen. Most of the institutions that have disappeared, have been consolidated into major groups, either by outright purchase by banks...

This paper examines, from a historical perspective, the gradual entrance into the market of mutual and not for profit banks (specifically cooperative banks and savings banks), their continually increasing competitiveness with traded banks in France, Italy and Spain. In all three countries, these...

In a country with a low endowment of capital resources, like Spain, should be very important to know the regional financial flows to explain the growth at that level. In this work, we try to study the effects of the regional distribution of deposits and credits in the Spanish financial system...

During the previous three decades, mutual financial firms have been experiencing a process of demutualization, and some of the non-for-profit banks have become publicly listed companies. Hence, the persistence of the Spanish Savings Banks constitutes an interesting case study. In line with...

The massification of retail finance in the 1980s relied on the successful deployment of automated teller machines (ATM) and on-line real-time (OLRT) computing during the 1960s and 1970s. We document how the deployment of ATM networks interweaved with the adoption of OLRT computing in Sweden and...

There are mainly two types of theories explaining banking crisis, emanating from the monetarist school respectively institutional economics. Using an allegory, monetarists are discussing how much water in terms of liquidity that is needed to stop a fire escalating into a disaster, while...

The paper offers a general overview of the situation and examines the actual impact of foreign capital on the economy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in general, and the Serbian economy in particular, during the entire interwar period. Special attention is paid to the methods in which banks in...

Much has already been written about the 1931 German banking crisis, hence this article will focus on two less frequently addressed aspects. With respect to the question of the direct cause of the crisis and of the run which occurred on 13 July, pertinent developments in the area of gold and...

The global financial crisis that began in mid-2007 and exploded in the fall of 2008 shocked most economists. Some had raised concerns about the rapid growth in the housing market in developed countries, especially to “sub-prime,” high-risk borrowers. Others had been concerned about large...

This paper takes a look at the national and international reforms taken in OECD countries after the Transatlantic Banking Crisis. Key elements of the international economic order are analyzed and proposals for reforms both at the national and international level are presented. Economics has come...