unknown and party-identification cannot be used to distinguish them. This case often appears in election systems with either … experimental exit-poll of voters at local elections in two German states in 2014 in which respondents faced a hypothetical election … translates directly into a greater willingness to take part in the hypothetical election (“turnout”), especially for individuals …

The short paper presents interesting discussions related to specific Indonesian legislative election system. We build … General Election Commission about the election district. Some interesting facts are observed and tried to be analyzed and … tool to see the patterns of optimizations for the beneficial of particular parties, to evaluate the election results, and …