). First, we find that educational attainment and language proficiency have a higher return in the Netherlands than in Germany … of labour migrants and their partners. The improvement is largely due to an improvement in educational attainment and …, while for Germany we find a negative relation with tenured employment. The contrasting results on tenured employment may be …

). First, we find that educational attainment and language proficiency have a higher return in the Netherlands than in Germany … of labour migrants and their partners. The improvement is largely due to an improvement in educational attainment and …, while for Germany we find a negative relation with tenured employment. The contrasting results on tenured employment may be …

children in Germany. We exploit the introduction of birthright citizenship for newborn children in Germany starting on the 1st … of January, 2000, to obtain difference-in-differences estimates for the effect of citizenship on the children s … children to enter the middle school track rather than the lower one. This suggests that growing up with the citizenship of the …

Recent studies suggest that migrants may be less satisfied with their "new" lives than members of the host population …

how to bridge such divides. We study the effects of a major citizenship reform in Germany—the introduction of birthright … citizenship on January 1, 2000—in terms of inter-group cooperation and social segregation between immigrant and native youth. We … hypothesize that endowing immigrant children with citizenship rights levels the playing field between them and their native peers …