goods. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of corruption in public corruption on tax revenue in Kenya …. The study followed a desktop research design. The paper suggested that as long as there is corruption by procurement …

for private gain. We study the relationship between discretion and corruption in Italian government procurement auctions …, using a confidential database of firms and procurement officials investigated for corruption by Italian enforcement … associated with corruption only when conducted with fewer than the formally required number of bidders or employing discretionary …

We examine the correlation between gender and bureaucratic corruption using two distinct datasets, one from Italy and a … second from China. In each case, we find that women are far less likely to be investigated for corruption than men. In our … Italian data, female procurement officials are 34 percent less likely than men to be investigated for corruption by …

We review different kinds of corruption that have been observed in procurement auctions and categorize them. We discuss … means to avoid corruption, by choice of preferable auction formats, or with the help of technological tools, such as secure … proposals, are particularly prone to corruption. We do not believe that it is possible to eradicate corruption altogether in …

We provide a positive analysis of the equilibrium bidding and bribing strategies with and without corruption in a first …-price, sealed-bid, procurement auction with two-dimensional-type bidders. With corruption, we assume that the quality of the bidders … and bribe decrease in the number of bidders. Moreover, we show that in this auction with corruption, quality is randomly …