The memo summarizes the design and use of the IMF's precautionary facilities since their introduction and discusses lessons and potential reform options. In particular, the framework for these facilities should be adjusted to address prolonged use at high access levels.

This paper considers legal implications that are likely to emerge from the implementation of a TRIPS Waiver decision. Assuming that a Waiver is adopted in the form presented in the May 2021 proposal by South Africa and India et al, we review the interaction between the Waiver and other...

The use of TRIPS flexibilities by WTO members involves interpretation of the obligations under TRIPS which can be challenged under the WTO dispute settlement system. Mutually agreed solutions, panel or Appellate Body decisions adopted in such disputes can thus impact the scope of TRIPS...

Deutschland wird beim Strom zu einer Hochpreisinsel. Importrisiken bei Energie verschlechtern die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Landes. Gerade für energieintensive Branchen wird der Standort sehr unattraktiv. Zu diesen drei Ergebnissen kommt eine neue Preis- und Risiko-Analyse vom ZEW Mannheim und...

Why did some countries vote not to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine at the United National General Assembly's first emergency session since 1997? Our study examines different economic, political, geographic and historical reasons behind the voting behaviour of several countries in favour of...

Fairness und Eigeninteresse prägen die internationalen Verhandlungen und Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz, ohne dabei immer klar trennbar zu sein. Anhand der im internationalen Handel mit Deutschland enthaltenen CO2-Emissionen zeigt sich, auf welche Länder und Regionen sich im Eigeninteresse...