Measuring sexual orientation, behavior, and related opinions is difficult because responses are biased towards socially acceptable answers. We test whether measurements are biased even when responses are private and anonymous and use our results to identify sexuality-related norms and how they...

This research experimentally identifies the belief that an action is less blameworthy when separated from the outcome by another actor. Contrary to current economic models of fairness, keeping money at the expense of a poorer player is punished less when done through an intermediary, even when...