This paper on the Republic of Poland was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed in July 2012. The views expressed in this...

This paper discusses findings of the joint IMF–World Bank Indonesia Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) undertaken during 2009– 10. The assessment was conducted on processes and functions, as opposed to institutions and with the cooperation of the Bapepam-LK, the Bank...

The 2006 Article IV Consultation on the Philippines discusses stronger exports and reduced inflation, with the 12-month rate back within the inflation target. Remittances have continued to grow strongly, and the balance of payments received additional support in the second half of 2006 from...

This paper discusses the current state of Swedish implementation of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (BCP). The banking supervisory framework and its implementation in Sweden are in line with many of Basel Core Principles’ essential criteria. However, the...

This paper presents key findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program for Indonesia. The program covers Bank Indonesia’s real-time gross settlement (BI-RTGS) system’s observance of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) core principles for systemically...

This Report evaluates the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Payment Systems for the Philippines. The assessment confirms that the infrastructure for effective supervision has improved considerably in recent years. Although important gaps exist, compliance is overall quite high. The...

This paper evaluates key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Supervision, Payment Systems, Securities...

The staff report for the 2005 Article IV Consultation on the Philippines highlights managing short-term vulnerabilities and higher investment and growth. Power generation tariffs have been raised to substantially cut the losses of the National Power Corporation (NPC). A risk to the near-term...

I elaborate on the structural causes of the global systemic crisis of 2007-9 to show that its ultimate origins lie in the still defective bookkeeping structure of national and international payment systems. As monetary circuit theory shows, banks are special, insofar as they can grant loans...

This paper presents findings of the Detailed Assessment of Italy’s Compliance with the Committee for Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems. At present, the Italian banking system is subject to significant challenges resulting from...