Chief executive officer (CEO) compensation is defined as the sum of base pay, bonuses, stock grants, stock options, other forms of compensation and benefits. Inflation-adjusted, median total CEO compensation in the United States almost tripled between 1992 and 2000, with grants of stock options...

In a single-winner voting system, approval voting gives voters the possibility to cast a ballot for (or ‘approve of’) as many candidates as they wish – that is, voters are freed from the constraint of voting for only one candidate. The candidate receiving the greatest total...

Redlining is the practice of restricting or denying access to services in a spatially defined area. Typically, redlining refers to the practice of restricting access to financial service products, such as mortgages, to residents of minority areas. The term arose from urban activists in Chicago...

A bidding ring is a collection of bidders who collude in an auction in order to gain greater surplus by depressing competition. This entry describes some typical bidding rings and provides an introduction to the related theoretical and empirical literature.

Although economists have sought to link the health behaviours or outcomes of socially connected individuals for several decades, there has been a recent resurgence in interest and expansion in empirical techniques. Studies that attempt to estimate social network effects in health decisions face...

Economists have studied for a long time how decision-makers allocate scarce resources. The recent literature on rational inattention studies how decision-makers allocate the scarce resource attention. The idea is that decision-makers have a limited amount of attention and have to decide how to...

No trade theorems represent a class of results showing that, under certain conditions, trade in asset markets between rational agents cannot be explained on the basis of differences in information alone. They pose a challenge to provide a theoretical justification of the high trade volumes...

The open source model is a form of software development in which the source code is made available, free of charge, to all interested parties; further users have the right to modify and extend the program. Open source software (OSS) methods rely on developers who reveal the source code under an...

This article provides a brief overview of AIG's operations and explains why AIG suddenly collapsed. It then details the terms of the initial US government bailout and later restructurings. Finally, the article describes the regulatory gap exploited by AIG and ensuing regulatory reform.

The EU's CAP has changed significantly over theyears, largely as a result of international pressure through GATT and the WTO, but it still has the support of farm incomes as its main concern. The old CAP of market price support has more or less been displaced by decoupled income support, in the...