We conducted a field experiment and tested how employers can use socioemotional resources, such as appreciation and recognition, in order to signal intentions and create positive reciprocal relationships with employees. Results showed that these resources led to a significant gain in...

This study tries to investigate the inter-linkage between foreign trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in case of Pakistan. Annual data for the period 1985–2010 have been considered for eight major trading partners—Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Saudi Arabia, UK and USA. The...

Solid waste management remains a serious problem in most of the developing world, although it consumes a larger portion of municipal budgets. In the current project, a number of solid waste management studies were conducted for Islamabad city mostly focusing on the generation, collection and...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the i ncidence of different types of shocks and identify the household characte ristics that are associated with this phenomenon. It is observed that one-fourt h of households experience an adverse shock, be it natural, agricultural, econ omic,...

The critical state of Pakistan’s energy sector is a primary constraint on the country’s economic development. Despite a significant body of literature on issues and options in the sector, the deterioration continues, contributing to an everwidening energy deficit. This paper attributes the...