We use panel data methods to explore whether households in Vietnam used seasonal migration to increase their living standards during the 1990s. Using per capita expenditures as our primary measure of living standards and historical and latent network variables as instruments for migration, we...

This paper's objective is to describe and explain expenditure growth in Vietnam over the 1990s. Using two rounds of the Vietnam Living Standards Survey, we describe and explain household specific expenditure growth rates and poverty statistics. We find that while credit access does not affect...

We use panel data methods to explore whether households in Vietnam used seasonal migration to increase their living standards during the 1990s. Using per capita expenditures as our primary measure of living standards and historical and latent network variables as instruments for migration, we...