It is generally accepted that a "global chain"-orchestrated by a lead firm-is the relevant unit of analysis for research on contemporary global industries. However, our research shows that value chains (GVCs) and supply chains (GSCs) are only segments of the massively complex "ecosystem of...

This paper examines the complex relationship between the embeddedness of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host-country political networks and their long-run competitive positions in host emerging markets. We report the findings of a longitudinal study of the Chinese automobile sector from the...