Abstract: Background: The interest in the topic of performance assessment in reverse supply chains (RSC) is increasing, although the body of research is still in its early stages. As this is a developing field, it is crucial to expand discussions on topics that have not yet been thoroughly...

Background: This work is part of the regional research project PIPER-Intelligent Platform for the Optimization of Recycling Operations, which aims to develop a network design model for waste collection in the metropolitan city of Rome, Italy. The goal is to enhance the strategic planning of...