Industrial control systems (ICS) or supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) systems drive many key components of the national infrastructure. It makes these control systems targets for cyber-attacks by terrorists and nation-states who wish to damage their target economically and...

The purpose of the LDC5 Monitor is twofold: firstly, to assess the vulnerability of LDCs and the means used to deal with it, and secondly, to examine the structural transformation of LDCs in line with the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). Vulnerability and structural transformation, neither of...

The purpose of the LDC5 Monitor is twofold: firstly, to assess the vulnerability of LDCs and the means used to deal with it, and secondly, to examine the structural transformation of LDCs in line with the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). Vulnerability and structural transformation, neither of...

Allocation is here understood as allocation among countries, while it is sometime taken as allocation between projects or operations. Intercountry allocation is an essential issue for concessional resources that are scarce. This note presents few remarks on the allocation of concessional...

This paper presents a tool to detect the accumulation of risks in emerging market economies based on a synthetic index of 'vulnerability' for three different types of crisis (sovereign, currency and banking crises). To build the index we fi rst use a signalling approach (Auroc) to preselect the...

Artículo de revista ; The article summarises the findings obtained in the estimation of an economic crisis early warning model for the euro area countries. These findings show that monitoring five variables that may indicate the emergence of macro-financial imbalances – current account...

Cut-off date: 30.06.2022