The paper investigates how employees use secondary employment to smooth out consumption shortfalls from non-anticipated wage shocks in their main employment. The identification strategy exploits surprising changes in firms' wage payment and repayment behavior in Ukraine. Based on unique...

The paper investigates how employees use secondary employment to smooth out consumption shortfalls from non-anticipated wage shocks in their main employment. The identification strategy exploits surprising changes in firms' wage payment and repayment behavior in Ukraine. Based on unique...

Cooperative approaches provide an alternative for small- and medium-sized producers to obtainthe efficiencies of larger farming operations and remain competitive in an increasinglyconcentrated agricultural industry. This article examines the motivation and effectiveness ofequipment and labor...

This paper provides an updated assessment of the changing demand for farm labor, including its components and relative use, as reflected in the capital-labor ratios for California and Florida, which are major coastal producers of fresh fruits and vegetables, and of Iowa and Texas, which are two...

After nearly fifty years of stability and stagnation of dairy market regulations inIsrael, a dramatic policy reform has been enacted in 1999. The reform enabled farmhouseholds, for the first time, to trade production quotas. In addition, the reformsignaled to farmers that milk prices will...