Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are "bounded rational". However, it is very difficult to quantify "bounded rationality", and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact...

In this paper we use the Generalised Population Based Incremental Learning (GPBIL) in order to found profit-maximizing strategies for the Artificial Payment Card Market (APCM). The artificial market has modeled explicitly a multidimensional consumers' and merchants' demand for payment...

We develop an agent-based model of the competition between payment cards by focusing on the interactions between consumers and merchants determining the subscription and usage of cards. We find that after a short period of time the market will be dominated by a small number of cards, even though...

This chapter introduces an artificial payment card market in which we model the interactions between consumers, merchants and competing card issuers with the aim of determining the optimal pricing structure for card issuers. We allow card issuers to charge consumers and merchants fixed fees,...

This paper investigates the market structure of the payment card market with consumers and merchants basing their subscription decisions on various information sets.We find that the market structure depends crucially on this information set, where we observe that a market with few cards...

This paper investigates the competition between payment card issuers in an artificial payment card market. In the market we model the interactions between consumers, merchants and competing card issuers and obtain the optimal pricing structure for card issuers. We allow card issuers to charge...

Financial markets witness high levels of activity at certain times but remain calm at others. This makes the flow of physical time discontinuous. Therefore, to use physical time scales for studying financial time series runs the risk of missing important activities. An alternative approach is to...

Financial markets witness high levels of activity at certain times, but remain calm at others. This makes the flow of physical time discontinuous. Therefore using physical time scales for studying financial time series, runs the risk of missing important activities. An alternative approach is...