Substitution between clean and dirty inputs and directed technical change, either clean energy-augmenting or dirty energy-augmenting, lie at the center of leading economic analyses of climate policy. Despite their theoretical interconnectedness, joint empirical assessments of these two factors...

Electricity shortage has become a major challenge to continued economic growth in Bangladesh. The country is growing in terms of GDP growth at a rate of 7% a year. Bangladesh is expected to move towards 23rd position globally by 2050 from its position 31 in 2014, in terms of GDP at purchasing...