Watts and Zimmerman (1979, 1986) portray the external audit as a natural consequence of an agency model where shareholders demand reliable information and managers respond by arranging for an independent audit to make credible the financial statements whose contents they control. Independent,...

The fully revised and updated third edition provides an introduction to accounting for students. It embraces the basic techniques and underlying theoretical concepts in accounting and shows how these are applied in various circumstances

<title>Abstract</title> Canada’s 1881 census enumerators posed a range of questions that provide scope for an in--depth investigation of the identity of its accounting functionaries (accountants and bookkeepers) in that year. The significance of our findings is explained by applying the concept of closure...