focusing its efforts in four interrelated areas: (1) ISO-level reliability programs, (2) Market-based price-responsive load … programs, (3) Demand response at retail through pricing, rate design, and advanced metering, and (4) End-use energy efficiency … electric restructuring efforts in many states is that most of the attention has been focused on the supply side, in a market …

Peak power demand issues have come to the fore recently because of the California electricity crisis. Uncertainties … surrounding the reliability of electric power systems in restructured markets as well as security worries are the latest reasons … difference between peak demand and average demand, and the necessity for real-time delivery of electricity all make the …

are not able to commit to specific responses months or years in advance. Electricity is a fluid market commodity with a … they can be made more effective in controlling summer peaks and attendant high prices of electricity. Particular attention …-long trend of declining reserve margins. Competition among generators is typically robust, holding down wholesale energy prices …

substantial volatility in wholesale market prices, significant financial distress among major industry organizations, and …, reliability, and risk of the electricity supplied to end-use customers. In balancing different supply options, utilities …Electricity markets in the United States have witnessed unprecedented instability over the last few years, with …

integration, even as the retailers themselves are forced to purchase electricity at volatile wholesale prices set in open markets … stability is threatened. This, then, facilitates many other problems associated with electricity markets, such as market power …Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of …

resource planning initiatives, ongoing efforts to improve efficiency and reliability in competitive electricity markets, and … history and outlook, program design and implementation, customer participation, and participant price response. The results …Economists have advocated for real-time pricing (RTP) of electricity on the basis of the gains in economic efficiency …

equally vulnerable. Factors such as local generation costs, transmission constraints, market concentration, and market design … would see lower rates) unless they have sufficient market power to raise their prices without losing significant market … market-based rates then prices are lower. (4) Customer response to real-time prices can lower the peak capacity requirements …

This paper is intended to provide an understanding of the needs of a restructured electricity market and some of the … market methods and systems that have developed to address those needs. Chapter 2 discusses the historic market framework of … restructuring. It discusses generation and transmission planning, control and the regulatory process. It also summarizes reliability …

choice in the past 5-7 years reach an important juncture in retail market design. Most states with retail choice established … those involved in its design and implementation, we also interviewed regulatory staff and utilities in each state, as well …Dynamic retail electricity pricing, especially real-time pricing (RTP), has been widely heralded as a panacea for …

. Historically, implementation of the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) necessary for the successful efficiency and demand … programs. Without advanced metering, utilities cannot support time-differentiated rates or collect the detailed customer usage … collect or properly price electricity usage handicaps the success of almost all efficiency and demand response options …