Veil, J. A.; Langhus, B. G.; Belieu, S.; Environmental … - 2008
American Petroleum Institute estimated that 20.9 billion barrels of produced water were disposed of in 1985 (Wakim 1987). Of … disposal of produced water represents a significant cost for operators. A relatively new technology, downhole oil …/water separators (DOWS), has been developed to reduce the cost of handling produced water. DOWS separate oil and gas from produced …