petroleum refining industry could be substantial. Depending on how EPA interprets the legislative language, the capital costs of … magnitude would be over 2.5 times larger than the combined estimated cost of EPAs gasoline volatility (RVP) regulations and the … competitors. Even under the best petroleum product market conditions, costs of $0.40 to $0.50 per barrel processed could reduce US …

lowest cost. Incorporating the concept of meeting customer energy service needs entails a recognition that customers' costs …, an integrated resource plan seeks to balance cost and reliability, and should not be interpreted simply as the search for … determine the extent to which they have undertaken least-cost planning for gas utilities. The survey included the following …

Under what conditions does cost-of-service regulation lead firms to distort costs? This paper analyzes changes in fuel …-level legislation that ended cost-of-service regulation among investor-owned electric utilities in the late 1990s. I construct a … under cost-of-service regulation. I then show that the drop in the price of coal is associated with a reallocation of …

following state-level legislation that ended cost-of-service regulation of electricity generation. I find that deregulated …