any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA can sell to increase revenues …. Conversely, if firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity, then additional conservation …

Germany, Spain, Portugal, and Denmark). The rapid growth in installed wind power capacity is expected to continue in the … market and power system operators who will have to deal with the variability and uncertainty in wind power generation when … penetrations. Moreover, in a market environment, the wind power contribution to the generation portofolio becomes important in …

. Generators have shown that they are very responsive to price signals in both the short and long term. But a market that is … responsive only on the supply side is only half a market. Demand response (elasticity) is necessary to gain the full economic …. These inherent storage and control capabilities can be exploited to help reduce peak electric system consumption. In some …

The market for small wind systems in the United States, often defined as systems less than or equal to 100 kW that … produce power on the customer side of the meter, is small but growing steadily. The installed capacity of domestic small wind … systems in 2002 was reportedly 15-18 MW, though the market is estimated to be growing by as much as 40 percent annually (AWEA …

generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced system reliability. These … market participants and range of technologies and business approaches and focus on key program elements such as target … markets, market segmentation and participation results; pricing scheme; dispatch and coordination; measurement, verification …

assess the levelized cost of electricity under four supply options: (1) public utility ownership of new geothermal capacity …The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the market share of independent, nonutility generators (NUGs …--i.e., whether a utility should sign a power purchase agreement (PPA) with a NUG, or develop and own the generation capacity itself …

can all play a role in the success or failure of the market. These factors along with the mix of generation capacity …'s power plants to meet the demands from all customers based on the marginal cost of production. Consequent market … equally vulnerable. Factors such as local generation costs, transmission constraints, market concentration, and market design …

can all play a role in the success or failure of the market. These factors along with the mix of generation capacity … market-based rates then prices are lower. (4) Customer response to real-time prices can lower the peak capacity requirements … equally vulnerable. Factors such as local generation costs, transmission constraints, market concentration, and market design …

The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the market share of independent, non-utility generators (NUGs …--i.e., whether a utility should sign a power purchase agreement (PPA) with a NUG, or develop and own the generation capacity itself …: (1) the tax-free status of publicly owned utilities and the availability of low-cost debt, and (2) the renewable energy …