Deregulation is haltingly changing the United States electricity markets. The resulting uncertainty and/or rising … energy costs can be hedged by generating electricity on-site and other benefits, such as use of otherwise wasted heat, can be …) into the electricity market. The advent of efficient and reliable small scale and renewable equipment has spurred an …

total energy system supply/demand model, (2) ICARUS (Investigation of Costs and Reliability in Utility Systems) - an … electric utility system dispatching (or production cost and reliability) model, (3) SMN (Spot Market Network) - an aggregate … electric power transmission network model, and (4) PECO/LF (Philadelphia Electric Company/Load Flow) - a detailed electricity …

Energy economists have long argued the benefits of real time pricing (RTP) of electricity. Their basis for modeling … customers response to short-term fluctuations in electricity prices are based on theories of rational firm behavior, where … institutional customers in the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation service territory that have faced day-ahead electricity market …

.S. electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as ''reliability events''). The … U.S. electricity system being called ''antiquated'' and catalyzed discussions about modernizing the grid. Industry …-quality events) cost U.S. electricity consumers? Accurately estimating this cost will help assess the potential benefits of …

resource planning initiatives, ongoing efforts to improve efficiency and reliability in competitive electricity markets, and …Economists have advocated for real-time pricing (RTP) of electricity on the basis of the gains in economic efficiency … that would result from charging customers the contemporaneous marginal cost of supplying electricity instead of the average …

vertically integrated utilities with approval from state public utility commissions. As the U.S. electricity industry is … assessments of future profitability and only secondarily on regional reliability requirements. In addition, some customers will … choose to face real-time (spot) prices and will respond to the occasionally very high prices by reducing electricity use at …

loads in enhancing electricity system reliability. First, this report considers the definitions of electricity-reliability …Recent electricity price spikes are painful reminders of the value that meaningful demand-side responses could bring to … the restructuring US electricity system. Review of the aggregate offers made by suppliers confirms that even a modest …

, lower reliability), concerns have been raised in states currently considering restructuring as to whether their systems are …

The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by … system reliability. These problems have created new opportunities for technologies and business approaches that allow load … restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and …

, reliability, and risk of the electricity supplied to end-use customers. In balancing different supply options, utilities …Electricity markets in the United States have witnessed unprecedented instability over the last few years, with … electricity industry. Recent industry instability also illustrates the need for thoughtful resource planning to balance the cost …