Demand response (DR) has been broadly recognized to be an integral component of well-functioning electricity markets … utility commissions (PUC) and utilities have considered implementing dynamic pricing tariffs, such as real-time pricing (RTP …), and other retail pricing mechanisms that communicate an incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their usage during …

numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced …The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by … restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and …

In the United States, there has been substantial recent growth in wind energy generating capacity, with growth … averaging 24 percent annually during the past five years. About 1,700 MW of wind energy capacity was installed in 2001, while … drivers, such as consumer demand for green power, natural gas price volatility, and wholesale market rules. …

electricity prices. In this light, the dramatic increase in natural gas prices since the 1990s should be a cause for ratepayer … prices (and by extension future electricity prices) may end up markedly different than expected. Second, this displacement … generating capacity added in the U.S. between 1999 and 2005 (EIA 2006b), bringing the nationwide market share of gas …

statistics cover the major activities of U.S. production, consumption, trade, stocks, and prices for petroleum, natural gas, coal …, electricity, and nuclear energy. Information is also provided on international energy, including petroleum production, consumption …, and stocks and nuclear electricity gross generation. This issues provides a brief industry overview and a detailed …

New technologies, low natural gas prices, and federal and state utility regulations are restructuring the electricity … electricity industry is stranded commitments. Past investments, power-purchase contracts, and public-policy-driven programs that … during which the utility would lose money because of differences between its embedded cost of production and the market price. …

they can be made more effective in controlling summer peaks and attendant high prices of electricity. Particular attention …Restructuring is attempting to bring the economic efficiency of competitive markets to the electric power industry. To …-long trend of declining reserve margins. Competition among generators is typically robust, holding down wholesale energy prices …

import electricity, numerous plant outages, and exercise of market power by generators drove up wholesale electricity prices … reinforces the argument for accurate pricing of electricity as a stimulus to energy efficiency investment and as a constraint on …California's restructured electricity markets opened on 1 April 1998. The former investor-owned utilities were …

promotes energy efficiency as an alternative to increasing electricity supply. It uses financial or other incentives to slow … with the production of electricity are capped and electricity retailers are required to meet the target partially or …The global economy has grown rapidly over the past decade with a commensurate growth in the demand for electricity …

Because of the recent experiences of several states undergoing restructuring (e.g., higher prices, greater volatility … market-based rates then prices are lower. (4) Customer response to real-time prices can lower the peak capacity requirements … by around 9%, lowering the need for new capacity and reduce prices during the peak demand. (5) Changes to electric prices …