Because of the recent experiences of several states undergoing restructuring (e.g., higher prices, greater volatility … then prices are lower. (4) Customer response to real-time prices can lower the peak capacity requirements by around 9 …%, lowering the need for new capacity and reduce prices during the peak demand. (5) Changes to electric prices on the order of 5 …

price to be stochastic, we next determine an investment threshold boundary and find that high electricity price volatility … may purchase electricity at a fixed retail rate from its utility. Using the real options approach, we find natural gas … accelerates DG investment, while the option to disconnect entirely from the utility is not attractive. By allowing the electricity …

This paper presents the results of a survey and analysis ofelectricity tariffs and marginal electricity prices for … electricity prices commercialcustomers actually see, and insight into the factors that are mostimportant in determining prices … commercialbuildings. The tariff data come from a survey of 90 utilities and 250tariffs for non-residential customers collected in 2004 as …

be stochastic, we next determine an investment threshold boundary and find that high electricity price volatility … purchase electricity at a fixed retail rate from its utility. Using the real options approach, we find a natural gas generation … increases DG investment, while the option to disconnect from the utility is not attractive. By allowing the electricity price to …

against volatile fuel prices and reduced environmental impacts of energy production. This report describes the various types …/provinces with demand response (DR) in the electricity sector. Demand-side resources are often overlooked as a viable option for … the form of decreased grid congestion, improved system reliability, market efficiency, price stabilization, hedging …

The U.S. pulp and paper industry consumes over $7 billion worth of purchased fuels and electricity per year. Energy … efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of … high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. pulp and …

Recent electricity price spikes are painful reminders of the value that meaningful demand-side responses could bring to … the restructuring US electricity system. Review of the aggregate offers made by suppliers confirms that even a modest … increase in demand elasticity could dramatically reduce these extremes in price volatility. There is a strong need for …

include capacity credit, regulation impacts and costs, and preliminary load-following impacts via the supplemental energy …

natural gas prices are discussed. In the State of California, the agency responsible for the official forecast is the … establishes the forecast of natural gas prices in addition to other parameters which are used in the planning process. The … service area forecast indicates a bottoming of the gas price in 1994 at $2.50/mmbtu. Recent prices in 1992 are already at …

market prices. Public utility commissioners are encouraged to permit utilities a free choice in signing gas contracts, but to … allow only competitive market prices to be reflected in allowable fuel costs. …