Cointegrated bivariate nonstationary time series are considered in a fractional context, without allowance for deterministic trends. Both the observable series and the cointegrating error can be fractional processes. The familiar situation in which the respective integration orders are 1 and 0...

Empirical evidence has emerged of the possibility of fractional cointegration such that the gap, β, between the integration order δ of observable time series, and the integration order γ of cointegrating errors, is less than 0.5. This includes circumstances when observables are stationary or...

Empirical evidence has emerged of the possibility of fractional cointegration such that the gap, β, between the integration order δ of observable time series and the integration order γ of cointegrating errors is less than 0.5. This includes circumstances when observables are stationary or...