We combine the innovative approaches of Elliott, Komunjer, and Timmermann (2005) and Patton and Timmermann (2007) with a block bootstrap to analyze whether asymmetric loss functions can rationalize the S&P 500 return expectations of individual forecasters from the Livingston Surveys. Although...

It is commonly believed that trade unions act irrationally in collective bargaining either by “picking numbers out of the air” or by forming biased forecasts of information. Such views either imply that information disclosure to unions is useless or that discretionary disclosure could confer...