Guideline 4.003 for income determination: A theoretical evaluation During the last few years the distribution and realization principles began to play an increasingly important role in literature. The income of an organization is increasingly viewed as the cash amount that can be withdrawn...

In an analysis of ten widely used price-control formulae it was shown that the formulae took into consideration a variety of different stipulations such as the calculation of funds employed, the definition of profit and the profitability rate allowed. Furthermore it is maintained that the...

This is the second in a series of four articles on price formulae/determination. In the first a simulation model was developed and the criterion of evaluating the model, the internal rate of return, was introduced. In this article two price formulae are simulated and analysed in accordance with...

In this article, the third in a series of four, accent has been placed on a dynamic analysis of differences between the two price formulae introduced and discussed in the first article. Four different formulae components were analysed by comparing the resulting incremental changes of the...

An optimal income appropriation policy for a co-operativeThe income (after interest payable, except on deferred bonuses and before taxation) can be appropriated in three different ways (different combinations are possible), i.e. the payment of cash bonuses, the declaration of deferred bonuses,...

This is the last in a series of four articles. In the first article two price formulae were discussed and in the subsequent two articles two methods of analysis were demonstrated. In this article a third method of analysis concerning the sensitivity of some selected model parameters is...

Converting co-operatives to companies: A consideration The change in the Income Tax Act in 1977 resulted in co-operatives becoming tax liable from 1 April 1977. In addition, the Co-operatives Act of 1981 resulted in additional restrictions for co-operatives. Consequently certain important...

This article covers a financial evaluation of 31 representative agricultural co-operatives. Although the ratio of the members' interest to the total assets remained reasonably constant during the study period, the share capital and reserves decreased relatively to the total assets. According to...