, such as commodity futures contracts, to aid in the marketing and management of its price risk. Since the 1980s, financial …

We examine the interaction of marketing channel members and the influence of these interactions on incentives …, coordination costs, and risk allocation strategies in a food marketing channel. For this purpose we specify a three-stage principal …-agent marketing channel model involving producers, wholesalers, retailers and a futures market. We compare the situation with and …

assess the underlying opinions of the cocoa farmers. The evaluation of Acopagro’s performance was negative when communities …

In the Peruvian jungle, there are two main cocoa marketing channels: the intermediaries and the cooperative. For … intermediaries do not choose this marketing channel mainly due to their desire to be independent in the market or their low cocoa … alternative crop like cocoa which gives small scale farmers a sustainable welfare. Despite the fact that the Acopagro cooperative …

The deregulation of Ghana’s domestic cocoa supply chain that took place in the early 1990s was expected to bring … finds that price based competition mechanisms did not develop in the resulting domestic cocoa value chain. Rather, the now … increasing numbers of Licensed Buying Companies compete for cocoa supplies based on the provision of different services to …