Recently, time equation-based costing has been developed as a cost modelling approach in which activity times are calculated using time equations. Drawing on mathematical statistics, this paper develops a risk analysis approach and shows how it can be used to determine the impact of measurement...

The academic accounting literature has established that the conditions under which costing systems in general and Activity Based Costing (ABC) in particular provide accurate costs are very stringent. Less is known, however, about the nature, level and bias of costing errors and their...

Cost estimations provided by ABC are hardly error free. Datar and Gupta (1994) state that the following three types of errors may occur: specification errors, aggregation errors and measurement errors. Reductions in specification and aggregation errors from more disaggregated and better...

A sound empirical and quantitative analysis on the relationship between different patterns of urban expansion and the environmental or social costs of mobility is rare, and the few studies available provide at best a qualitative discussion of these issues. Some recent tentative studies on the...