State crop, livestock, and aggregate agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data. 1950-82, are examined for evidence of convergence to a single TFP level (sigma-convergence) or to a steady state rate of growth (beta or conditional convergence). Our empirical results do not support...

We examine the welfare impact of different intellectual property protection (IPP) regimes in private sector seed research and development (R&D). We take into account the period after expiration of legal IPP, and require simultaneous equilibrium in markets for R&D, seeds, and final product....

State crop, livestock,and aggregate agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950–82, are examined for evidence of convergence to a single TFP level (σ-convergence) or to a steady state rate of growth (β- or conditional convergence). Our empirical results do not support...

State crop, livestock, and aggregate agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950-82, are examined for evidence of convergence to a single TFP level (sigma-convergence) or to a steady state rate of conditional convergence). Our empirical results do not support sigma-convergence but do...

Abstract not available.

Like any tax, the VAT is vulnerable to evasion and fraud. But its credit and refund mechanism does offer unique opportunities for abuse, and this has recently become an urgent concern in the European Union (EU). This paper describes the main forms of noncompliance distinctive to a VAT, considers...