While problems with contract enforcement can occur in any economy, in the transitional Russian economy they have reached epidemic proportions. When state institutions are perceived as failing to guarantee enforcement of contracts and property rights, small firms increasingly rely on alternative...

Recent work on war and the military has addressed two broad questions: Why do states and societies wage war as they do? And what difference does it make that war is, or has been, waged in that manner? Building on the Clausewitzian focus on relations among the state, the armed forces, and...