The article analyses the significance of the ECJ preliminary ruling on competition law. Starting with the general characteristic of the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice, its legal regulation in TFEU and its effects, it focuses on the concrete judgement of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 7...

The opportunity to voice one's opinion about a decision is a fundamental aspect of procedural fairness and applies to a large variety of economic interactions. Voice may influence decision makers, but at the same time it shapes behavior of those who can voice their opinion. We study the latter...

We study how participation in decision processes shapes people's behavior towards impartial authorities. In an incentivized laboratory experiment, an impartial decision maker at first decides about the allocation of money between two subordinates. Treatments differ in the opportunity for one...