Stratifying and matching by the propensity score are increasingly popular approaches to deal with confounding in medical studies investigating effects of a treatment or exposure. A more traditional alternative technique is the direct adjustment for confounding in regression models. This paper...

A common approach to analysing clinical trials with multiple outcomes is to control the probability for the trial as a whole of making at least one incorrect positive finding under any configuration of true and false null hypotheses. Popular approaches are to use Bonferroni corrections or...

In this paper we use a system of non-local reaction–diffusion equations to study the effect of host heterogeneity on the phenotypic evolution of a pathogen population. The evolving phenotype is taken to be the transmission rate of the pathogen on the different hosts, and in our system there...

Sparse kernel methods like support vector machines (SVM) have been applied with great success to classification and (standard) regression settings. Existing support vector classification and regression techniques however are not suitable for partly censored survival data, which are typically...

The relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and mortality or morbidity has been the subject of much recent research, in which the standard method of analysis uses Poisson linear or additive models. In this paper, we use a Bayesian dynamic generalised linear model (DGLM) to...

Many common option pricing problems require numerical solution techniques. One standard tool is to solve a finite difference approximation to the instrument's fundamental partial differential equation (PDE), with appropriate boundary conditions. The approximation will converge to the true...

Many stochastic differential equations (SDEs) do not have readily available closed-form expressions for their transitional probability density functions (PDFs). As a result, a large number of competing estimation approaches have been proposed in order to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of...

The aim of this paper is to discuss the use of Bayesian methods in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and the common ground between Bayesian and traditional frequentist approaches. A further aim is to explore the use of the net benefit statistic and its advantages over the incremental...

The stopping rules in sequential methods have posed a lot of difficulties inanalyzing the efficiencies of sequential procedures. The exact distributionsof the stopping points and the statistics related to those stopping rules arehardly available explicitly. Woodroofe (1976), (1977), Lai and...

The classical Black-Scholes analysis determines a unique, continuous, trading strategywhich allows one to hedge a financial option perfectly and leads to a unique pricefor the option. It assumes, however, that there are no transaction costs involved in implementingthis strategy, and the stock...