As conventionally understood, corruption relies on a set of universally agreed rules that determine what constitutes the appropriate allocation of organizational resources. This article explores whether rule-based approaches to corruption are applicable where business organizations, such as...

In this paper we derive test statistics based on Double-Length Regressions (DLRs) for testing functional forms and spatial error dependence. These DLR tests are computationally simple. Their Monte Carlo performance is similar to that of the Hessian-based Lagrangian Multiplier tests.