This paper explores the ethical mandates of Islamic banking and finance (IBF) and then studies the recent performance …

magnitude and types of performance changes that have occurred in the banking industry are a significant public interest concern …

their share of formal credit. Second, SMEs' most important source of investment finance is their internal resources …, followed by banking institutions, supplier's credit and the extrabanking market or informal credit. Third, administrative costs … rather than selling short term assets. This shows that firms did not need to wait to accumulate assets to finance their peak …

economies of scope, exist in the production of banking services. Using the multiproduct cost economies approach, the existence …Consistent with the previous findings, we find overall scale economies exist in banking in small banks. Unlike the …