Background: There is little evidence about the effects of environmental interventions on population levels of physical activity. Major transport projects may promote or discourage physical activity in the form of walking and cycling, but researching the health effects of such “natural...

Over the last 20 years, governments all around the world have attempted to boost the role of market and competition in health care industries in order to increase efficiency and reduce costs. The increased competition and the significant implications on costs and prices of health care services...

The implementation of information technologies in the United Kingdom health sector is a relatively recent phenomenon. Many of the developments have followed the patterns in the United States. One such example is that of Case Mix, introduced strategically as part of the Resource Management...

Background: the Research-Based Education and Quality Improvement (ReBEQI) European partnership aims to establish a framework and provide practical tools for the selection, implementation, and evaluation of quality improvement (QI) interventions. We describe the development and preliminary...

Aim/ principal research question:To develop a discrete-event simulation model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of population screening for H. pylori in England and Wales to prevent both gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease.Factors of interest:Screening for H. pylori.Methods:A model was...

HIV/AIDS affects over 40 million people worldwide, and more than 70% of these people live in Africa. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV accounts for over 90% of all HIV infections in children under the age of 15 years. However, implementing HIV prevention policies in Africa is extremely...

Aims/hypothesis: the cost-effectiveness of eight strategies for screening for gestational diabetes (including no screening) was estimated with respect to the level of individual patient risk. Methods: cost–utility analysis using a decision analytic model populated with efficacy evidence...

This study was an important start to explore the feasibility of applying stated preference discrete choice modelling (SPDCM) for use in developing breast screening participation enhancement strategies. It needs to be followed by further research to establish model validity and authoritative...

Information on hazard identification, hazard characterisation (including dose–response assessment) and exposure assessment are brought together under risk characterisation in order to provide advice to risk managers. Hazard identification and characterisation define the adverse effects...

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of interventions in community and workplace settings to reduce sickness absence and job loss in workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, published since 1990, were identified by...