We introduce political tournaments “participation/inclusion” games. Dominant strategies determine whether players choose to compete by enhancing economic performance. Unique Nash equilibria competitors win (only) inclusion as promotion candidates. We find empirical justification for such...

This Article argues that the result in The Commissioner of Competition v. Visa Canada Corporation and MasterCard International Incorporated revealed a gap in the Competition Act's price maintenance provision with respect to the meaning of a service and that of the resale of a service. It...

Current asset pricing models require mean-variance efficient benchmarks, which are generally unavailable because of partial securitization and free float restrictions. We provide a pricing model that uses inefficient benchmarks, a two-beta model, one induced by the benchmark and one adjusting...

. We introduce continuous-time learning models of dynamic unobservable fund manager abilities under a nonlinear framework, with risk-neutral or risk-averse investors. In equilibrium, sensitivities of inferred manager abilities to fund returns’ innovation shocks are time nonmonotonic, inducing...

To value non-transferable non-hedgeable (NTNH) contingent claims and price executive stock options (ESOs), we use a replication argument to translate portfolios with NTNH derivatives into portfolios of primary assets (only) with stochastic portfolio constraints. By identifying stochastic...

We provide rationale, conditions, and insights for "customized" pricing in markets, that is, for equilibria where different buyers pay different prices for similar products. We use a Spence/Riley signaling model enhanced by a signaling methodology under random relations between costs and...

Volatility models of the market portfolio's return are central to financial risk management. Within an equilibrium framework, we introduce an implementation method and study two families of such models. One is deterministic volatility, represented by current popular models. Another is in the...