There is a well-known debate about the roles of geography versus institutions in explaining the long-term development … Robinson (2001) was to address this last point by using settler mortality as an instrument for geography-induced endogenous … mechanisms from geography via institutions to economic development outcomes. In particular, we examine the determinants of …

development almost naturally follows a history-dependent spatial diffusion influenced by both physical geography and the quality …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

trade and immigration flows are based on geography and the demographic trends of each country's trade and migration partners …

Geography has long been considered as a fundamental prerequisite for economic development and growth. In recent years …, a growing number of papers have considered the role of physical geography as a determinant of regional growth and …

lines. Numerous maps illustrate the changing geography of the North American freight rail industry. …