Remarks at the National Association for Business Economics Annual Meeting, New York City.

Remarks at New York University's Stern School of Business, New York City.

Remarks at Fordham University's Gabelli School of Business, Bronx, New York.

Remarks at Panel Discussion at 2012 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, New York City.

This paper presents some challenges encountered by non-neoclassical economists in explaining that money is not a commodity, that it is not backed by gold, and that it is not scarce. We discuss the role of commercial banks in creating money by simply granting loans. We then explain that, in a...

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Synopsis of fiscal policy in South Africa: 1994 – 2020 -- Part 1: Government debt -- Chapter 3 Effects of government debt on output, household consumption and gross fixed capital formation: Role of the credit conditions channel -- Chapter 4 Government debt...

Many explanations for the decline in real interest rates over the last 30 years point to the role that population aging or rising income inequality plays in increasing the long-run aggregate demand for assets. Notwithstanding the importance of such factors, the starting point of this paper is to...

President George W. Bush is preparing a drastic permanent reduction in federal income and estate taxes. He cites as precedents tax cuts by Kennedy-Johnson 1962-64 and Reagan 1981. In those cases, however, the economy was operating well below full employment and needed a "demand-side" stimulus...

This paper studies the Brazilian term structure of interest rates and characterises how the term premia have changed over time. We employ a Kalman filter approach, which is extended to take into account regime switches and overlapping forecasts errors. Empirical evidence suggests that term...