Although consumers typically expect organizations to profit from marketing goods and services, they also believe that certain organizations, like those that focus on religion and health, should prioritize communal obligations. Indeed, consumers may find it morally distressing when...

Our research program on relational framing leaves many process and normative - prescriptive issues unresolved. We agree with the three commentators on the usefulness of (a) experimental work that probes the cognitive and affective processes underlying relational - framing effects, (b)...

In an often-cited study about counterfactuals, Medvec, Madey, and Gilovich (1995) found that bronze medalists appeared happier than silver medalists in television coverage of the 1992 Summer Olympics. Medvec et al. argued that bronze medalists compared themselves to 4th place finishers, whereas...