appreciation. The estimated effects on U.S. output and employment are modest. Positive effects on U.S. output from a decrease in … imports from China are offset by negative effects on U.S. output from increased inflation and from a decrease in U.S. exports … to China because of a Chinese contraction …

and regain autonomy in its monetary policy, China needs to move toward a free floating exchange rate system by refraining …

China has taken some effective steps to shake off the effects of “COVID-19” and its economic development is unceasing … recovery. Therefore, many foreign investments go into the Chinese market and lead to RMB appreciation, which would affect China … and employment in the service sector but reduce them in other sectors. (2) When RMB appreciates, coal, oil, and natural …

International pressure to revalue China’s currency stems in part from the expectation that rapid economic growth should …. Yet, despite extraordinary growth after the mid-1990s China’s real exchange rate showed no tendency to appreciate until … rural terms of trade has tightened China’s labour market. We show that, should the Chinese government bow to international …