During a currency crisis, speculators usually do not know the value of a central bank's foreign exchange reserves. In this paper I show that modelling speculators as having imperfect knowledge of reserves enriches the predictions of the classical model of speculative attacks. With realistic lags...

We study the classic transfer problem of predicting the effects of an international transfer on the terms of trade and the current account. A two-country model with debt and capital allows for realistic features of historical transfers: they follow wartime increases in government spending and...

This chapter reviews calibration techniques in macroeconomics. The discussion designs with an outline of the use of calibration in applied work. Next, a simple asset-pricing model is the setting for a demonstration of calibration and for comparison with conventional estimation and testing....

This paper studies whether fiscal policy satisfies a borrowing constraint. Direct tests of the present-value constraint are rare, despite widespread discussion of the feasibility of current policy. We examine monthly data on Canadian federal government finances using tests for cointegration. We...

Business cycles may be defined or measured by parametrizing detrending filters to maximize the ability of a business-cycle model to match the moments of the remaining cycles. Thus a theory can be used to guide cycle measurement. We present two applications to U.S. postwar data. In the first...

Deviations from ergodicity in fundamentals may give rise to apparent bubbles (non-stationary residuals) in time series models of asset prices if an econometrician is unaware of them. This paper examines a number of such deviations in the form of expected, future, regime changes and explicitly...

Macroeconomic theories in which there is a fixed cost to changing prices have proliferated recently. This paper solves a menu-cost pricing problem faced by a monopolistic firm in continuous time and subject to both the stochastic aggregate price level emphasized by Sheshinski and Weiss (1983)...

One aspect of calibration in macroeconomics is the notion that free parameters of models should be chosen by matching certain moments of the simulated models with those of actual data. We formally examine this notion by treating the process of calibration as an econometric estimator. A numerical...

Standard models of international risk sharing with complete asset markets predict a positive association between relative consumption growth and real exchange-rate depreciation across countries. The striking lack of evidence for this link the consumption/real-exchange-rate anomaly or...